Concerning the autocrine function, TNF-α, in particular its membrane-bound form, promotes AML cell survival through the activation of the NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway, inducing the transcription of their anti-apoptotic target genes. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.