The aim of the present narrative review is to describe the mechanisms responsible for the development of infertility and PCOS in women with obesity/overweight, with a focus on the emerging role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) as a therapeutic option for obese women with PCOS. The gene discussed is GLP1R; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.