DPP4 and chronic kidney disease: Patients with concurrent chronic kidney disease had an RR of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.42-1.47) to receive DPP-4 inhibitor therapy compared with patients without chronic kidney disease (P < .001), and patients with concurrent ischemic heart disease had an RR of 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05-1.20) to receive a GLP-1 receptor agonist (P < .001).