CFTR and cystic fibrosis: Dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) results in an altered intestinal milieu with proposed mechanisms including: (i) reduced bicarbonate secretion and low intestinal pH, (ii) thick and inspissated mucus, (iii) a lack of endogenous pancreatic enzymes, (iv) delayed intestinal transit and (v) possibly impaired innate immunity [1, 2].