CD4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: To analyze pathogenic memory Th cell subsets (CD4+ CD44+ cells (Swain, 1994), in the following called Tmem cells), we used the NZBxW mouse model, which is one of the best-established models for human SLE, and visualized the combinatorics of three proteins from splenic T cells of old diseased mice (chronic inflammation, high proteinuria).