LCN2 and bacterial urinary tract infection: As can be seen, both urinary levels (SMD = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.75 to 1.47; p <0.001; I2 = 92.8; p <0.001) and serum levels (SMD = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.08 to 1.60; p = 0.031; I2 = 89.8; p <0.001) of NGAL were significantly higher in UTI group compared to non-UTI group.