Prognostic markers include mRNA, miRNA, genes or proteins, however, in NSCLC, the majority of prognostic markers are proteins targeting early-stage disease.42,43 Meta-analyses of multiple repositories presents a cost-effective method for identifying potential prognostic factors.43 In this study, meta-analysis of COMMD4 expression showed that NSCLC patients expressed statistically higher levels of COMMD4 expression and this was irrespective of tumour grade or subtype. This evidence concerns the gene COMMD4 and neoplasm.