To characterise the neurofibroma-associated macrophages, Choi et al. performed high-throughput gene expression analysis, which confirmed the high expression of ccl5 in these cells, reinforcing the need to better understand its downstream effectors.102 An elevated macrophage number in neurofibroma and nerve requires the express the Cxcl10 chemokine receptor Cxcr3 and, notably, Dhh-Cre; Nf1f/f mice failed to develop neurofibromas in a Cxcr3-null background,66 suggesting a critical role for the Cxcl10–Cxcr3 chemokine axis in macrophage recruitment for neurofibroma formation. Here, CCL5 is linked to plexiform neurofibroma.