The CXCR3 ligands CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 were all elevated in the tumour, suggesting that the CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11–CXCR3 axis is involved in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration into the tumour. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL11 and neoplasm.