MTOR and neoplasm: Additionally, the activation of short-form Ron, AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), or the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway and the over-expression of STAT3, cyclooxygenase-2, c-Myc, (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) gene 1, or heat shock protein 27 can also induce tumor resistance to MET-TKIs (Etnyre et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2014, 2015; Shen et al., 2015; Sugano et al., 2015; Cruickshanks et al., 2019).