TNF and cancer: TNF was highly expressed in lung cancer (1.5 ± 3.9 FPKM), head and neck cancer (2.7 ± 3.7 FPKM), breast cancer (1.7 ± 2.7 FPKM), endometrial cancer (3.4 ± 6.7 FPKM), and ovarian cancer (4.9 ± 6.5 FPKM), while the FPKM of TNF in other cancers was less than 1.0 (Figure 9(b)).