PDPN and neoplasm: Although they express typical fibroblast markers such as fibroblast activation protein (FAP), platelet-derived growth factor receptors α (PDGFRα) and β (PDGFRβ), podoplanin (PDPN), Thy-1, and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), no single marker universally identifies all CAFs within the tumor stroma (Augsten, 2014, Cortez et al., 2014, Roswall and Pietras, 2012).