INS and diabetes mellitus: Age(p<0.001), gender(p = 0.021), Malay ethnicity(p = 0.083), duration of diabetes(p = 0.159), use of insulin sensitizers (p = 0.083), use of insulin(p = 0.182), concurrent hypertension(p = 0.077), number of medications use(p = 0.014), body mass index(p<0.001), waist circumference(p<0.001), physical activity(p = 0.030), and instrumental ADLs(p<0.001) had p-values ≤0.25 and were included in the multiple logistic regression analysis.