ATG16L1 and inflammatory bowel disease: Likewise, mutations in autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1), another CD-associated risk allele, not only result in impaired exocytosis in Paneth cells,160 but potentiate inflammatory responses and necrosis of intestinal epithelial cells through modulation of IL-22 signaling.161 The role of inflammasome signaling in regulating the crosstalk between the microbiome and immunity is likewise implicated in pre-clinical IBD models.