Higher intestinal inflammation in SPF + P mice during DSS colitis was also characterized by significant increases of multiple chemokines, including LIX and MCP-1, which have been involved in the recruitment and activation of monocyte and neutrophils to the site of inflammation, as well as MIP-1α and MIP-1β (Fig. 3b and Supplementary Fig. 3). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is colitis.