Other common genetic abnormalities found in DS–ALL affect genes encoding cell cycle regulators (CDKN2A/B, RB1), transcription factors (PAX5, IKZF1, and ETV6) and epigenetic modifiers (EZH2, SETD2, and CREBBP) (Fig. 1b). This evidence concerns the gene PAX5 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.