In addition to lactate pre-treatment promoting increased PKM2 and PDK1 protein abundance, we demonstrated that this pre-treatment strategy results in increased transcript abundance of SNAI1 and MYC. Elevated SNAI1 transcript abundance following lactate exposure is in line with a study conducted in lung cancer cells which demonstrated that that lactate promotes SNAI1 expression in a dose-dependent fashion66. The gene discussed is PKM; the disease is lung cancer.