RIPK1 and Salmonella Infections: In this study, we show that TRADD, FADD, and RIPK1 are GlcNAcylated by NleB, TRADD is GlcNAcylated by SseK1, and TNFR1 is GlcNAcylated by SseK3 during EPEC or Salmonella infection, which are consistent with previous studies (Li et al., 2013; Gunster et al., 2017; Scott et al., 2017; Ding et al., 2019; Newson et al., 2019).