IL18 and Sepsis: LPS can also directly bind and activate caspase-11 to induce cell pyroptosis, and simultaneously activate NLRP3 inflammasome, mediate the maturation and secretion of IL-1 and IL-18, and further release damage associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), such as high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), which have an important impact on the development of sepsis (Shi et al., 2014).