Boss et al. also found a significant upregulation of RGS5 in a broad variety of malignant cells, and by identifying two HLA-A2- and HLA-A3-binding peptides derived from the RGS5 protein, they suggested RGS5 peptides as candidates for designing cancer vaccines to target malignant cells and tumour vessels [25]. This evidence concerns the gene RGS5 and neoplasm.