Adjustment for age, type of diabetes, insulin treatment, ketonemia and SAPS II (significant variables during the univariate analysis) revealed that PCT [OR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (IC95) [1.04–1.63] (p = 0.029) for each point of increase of PCT] and presence of fever [OR = 27.86, IC95 [1.97–887.92] (p = 0.023)] were independently associated with PBI. Here, CALCA is linked to diabetes mellitus.