Interestingly, the phenotype of microglia we observed in HDLS is similar to that found in an SOD1 ALS mouse model and in multiple sclerosis patients, in which the molecules associated with the homeostatic microglial phenotype (e.g., P2RY12, CSF-1R) are down-regulated and inflammatory markers are up-regulated [24, 57]. The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is multiple sclerosis.