To address this issue, we present the results of a study that used flow cytometry and multi-color IHC to characterize expression of PD-1, CTLA4, Tim3, Lag3, and OX40 by circulating CD4 and CD8 T cells, as well as the level of TILs, infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes, and PD-1/PD-L1 expression within tumor samples obtained before and after NAC. Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.