INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Besides the downregulation of several AMPK subunits (PRKAB1, PRKAB2, PRKAG1) [26] in NAFLD patients, most strikingly, a perturbation was found in many AMPK pathway genes such as those affecting the insulin/glucose homeostasis and downstream regulators (TBC1D1, SLC2A4/GLUT4, AKT1/2) [53], those genes involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and activation/phosphorylation of AMPK (Sirt3) [54], and TSC2 regulating AMPK activation [55] displayed significant downregulation in NAFLD patients.