MAPK1 and ovarian carcinoma: Thus, lactam steroidal alkylators (e.g., ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E) provide a novel combination of pharmacological properties exerting significant antitumor activity against human ovarian carcinoma independently of the RAS-ERK and PI3K-AKT mutation, MMR and steroid receptor status, as well as, existing tumor cell resistance to alkylating agents.