In experimental colitis models, butyrate, a SCFA, produced by F. prausnitzii maintained Th17/Treg balance and exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of the IL-6/signal transducer, the STAT3/IL-17 pathway and promoted Foxp3 expression by targeting histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) [102]. The gene discussed is HDAC1; the disease is colitis.