TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: The conventional treatments for IBD mainly aim at suppressing the enhanced immune response by the use of steroids, thiopurines, biologic medicines (i.e., anti-TNF, or anti-IL-12/23), small molecules including anti-Janus kinases (JAK) inhibitors, and molecules blocking the homing of pathogenic immune cells in the inflamed gut (i.e., anti-integrins) [55].