MAPK1 and neoplasm: Several key themes emerged: OE cytokines centered on proliferation/apoptosis regulation linked to ERK1 and ERK2 signaling, compared to PE; PE cytokines were implicated in MAPK and AKT signaling and highly inflammatory environments, compared to DIE; DIE cytokines were associated with cytotoxicity directed against “tumor cell target” and smooth muscle cell metaplasia, consistent with known outcomes associated with DIE [35].