TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Experimental studies have shown that in models of transfusion-related ALI, lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI and hydrochloric acid-induced ALI, aspirin can prevent or treat ARDS by reducing neutrophil activation and recruitment to the lung, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression in pulmonary intravascular macrophages, plasma thromboxane B2 levels and platelet sequestration [18,19,20,21,22,23].