Although additional studies may be required to fully elucidate the exact interactions through which each coronaviral PLP promotes viral infections, there are supporting evidences that the DUB activity of PLPs results in a reduction of the IFN mediated anti-viral response and in a broad spectrum downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, i.e., CCL5 or CXCL10 [39]. The gene discussed is ZUP1; the disease is viral infectious disease.