By contrast, long-term culturing of T24 spheroids under low-serum condition (1% FBS) attenuated the size of the spheroids; however, SOX2 expression sustained the T24 spheroid-forming capability under the low-serum condition, indicating SOX2 is involved in bladder cancer cell survival (Fig. 3b). This evidence concerns the gene SOX2 and urinary bladder carcinoma.