Immunofluorescent staining and multiphoton microscopy indicated increased microvascular length (Fig. 8i, j) and perfused microvascular length (Fig. 8k, l) in the peri-infarct cortex in IFN receptor (IFNAR)-neutralizing antibody-treated mice as compared with control IgG-treated mice at day 14 after stroke. This evidence concerns the gene IFNAR1 and Stroke.