TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Kjelgaard-Petersen et al. (2018) have previously shown that full-depth bovine articular cartilage explants (BEX) treated with oncostatin M in combination with TNFα (O + T) were a reliable translational model for rheumatoid arthritis by successfully back-translating the serological biomarker results from a phase III clinical study (OSKIRA-1) [32].