CD4 and ovarian carcinoma: To further clarify the relationship between CD38 and various subtypes of TILs in ovarian cancer, the TIMER and TISIDB online databases were employed to further analyze the relationship between CD38 and marker genes of different immune cells, including CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in EOC (Table 2 and Supplementary Table S3).