IGF1 and neoplasm: Incubation of tumor-derived cells with KMP01D alone and in combination with vitamin D3 also resulted in downregulated IGF-1 expression (KMP01D and combination of KMP01D and vitamin D3 vs. untreated cells: UICC I–II: p < 0.001, UICC III: p < 0.01; Figure 5D).