ITGAE and neoplasm: Moreover, in the subset of CD103+ iTreg cells which were defined as tumor-infiltrating Tregs (72), TGF-β reportedly inhibited the expression of growth factor independent 1 (Gfi-1), a transcriptional repressor that can form a repressive complex with lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) in the intergenic region of CD103 intron 1, resulting in epigenetic upregulation of CD103 and differentiation of CD103+ iTreg cells (73) (Figure 1C).