TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: NF-κB activation increases the production of downstream inflammatory factors, such as Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)-1β, and these inflammatory factors have been reported to enable steatosis and liver tissue damage, promoting the occurrence and development of NASH (Watanabe et al., 2004; Kubes and Mehal, 2012).