Although sustained TLR7 stimulation causes splenomegaly due to chronic immune activation19, we found, in the female C57BL/6N mice, the spleen weights to be significantly increased by continuous R848 stimulation and decreased for mice immunized with the CD153-CpG vaccine compared with those of R848 control group mice (Supplementary Fig. 5B). This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF8 and Splenomegaly.