Oxidized LDLc, p65/nuclear factor-kβ, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, several cytokines and growth factors (interleukins 1β, 6, 8 and 23, tumor necrosis factor-α, angiotensin II, interferon-1) are responsible for endothelial inflammation and cell proliferation, thus leading to the development of cardiovascular disease in T2DM [38]. Here, TNF is linked to cardiovascular disorder.