GDF15 and myocardial ischemia: Among them, the heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP—myocardial ischemia), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST-2—myocardial strain/stress and inflammation) and its ligand interleukin-33 (IL-33—inflammation), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15—inflammation, remodelling), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR—inflammation, remodelling) and Fetuin-A (vascular calcification) have shown promising results in prior studies and have also found clinical application in the treatment of heart failure and cardiovascular disease [12,13,14,15,16].