TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Pathologically, TDP-43 is ubiquitinated, cleaved, hyper-phosphorylated, and cytoplasmically translocated in affected neurons and glial cells of ALS and frontotemporal lobular dementia (FTLD) patients [13,47,48,49], while inclusions were also recently reported in skeletal and cardiac tissue of sALS patients [50] and those with known C9ORF72 expansion [51].