PPARα modulators (e.g., oleoylethanolamide, a natural PPARα ligand; Wy14643 and fibrates, two synthetic PPARα agonists) regulate dopamine and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathways to rescue depression-related behaviors [193,195,196] and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and endocannabinoid signaling to alleviate epilepsy and schizophrenia-like effects in mice [197,204]. The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is major depressive disorder.