Similar to our findings, results from several case reports and cohort studies have described meningitis or meningoencephalitis in patients with autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, Crohn disease) treated with a TNF inhibitor.25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is ankylosing spondylitis.