IL-33 is an alarmin cytokine, released from epithelial, endothelial and stromal cells on necrotic cell death caused by noxious stimuli, such as allergen or pollutant inhalation, infections and mechanical damage (Johansson and McSorley, 2019; Mahlakõiv et al., 2019; Spallanzani et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene IL33 and infection.