Interestingly, a recent study from Stringaris et al. demonstrated that KIR haplotype A was an independent risk factor for the progression of MDS to AML [15]; patients with haplotype A had worse adjusted progression-free survival (RR = 2.96, P = 0.001) and overall survival (RR = 2.25, P = 0.02) compared with KIR haplotype B, which seemed deceptively paradoxical to our present results. This evidence concerns the gene KIR3DL1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.