In this scenario, previous studies provided evidence that NUAK1 is closely involved in tumour progression of colon cancer,60 glioma,61 gastric,62 ovarian63 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.64 Consistent with our study on breast cancer, Chang reported, through in vitro and in vivo experiments, that NUAK1 enhanced the invasive and metastatic potential of MDA-MB-231 cell line mediating AKT signalling.35 Here, AKT1 is linked to breast carcinoma.