hnRNPA1 upregulation was more frequent (p < 0.0001) in ERG-positive than in ERG-negative cancers: Strong immunostaining was seen in 41.0% of cancers with ERG-IHC-positive staining and 45% of cancers with ERG rearrangements, but only in 22% of ERG-IHC-negative cancers and 29% of cancers without TMPRSS2:ERG fusion detected by FISH (p < 0.0001 each; Supplementary Fig. 1). This evidence concerns the gene TMPRSS2 and cancer.