Comparison of all plasma proteins between paired PWH and seronegative controls identified several inflammatory markers enriched in HIV infection (Supplementary Data 11) including myeloperoxidase (MPO), growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), and secreted urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (suPAR), a marker of systemic immune activation recently identified as a remarkably strong independent predictor of myocardial and overall non-AIDS morbidity and mortality35,36. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and HIV infectious disease.