While the potentially pro-proliferative role of TXNIP in EwS remains to be fully elucidated, it should be noted that in other cancers including hepatocellular, breast, and bladder carcinoma as well as leukemia, TXNIP has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor39, indicating that this protein may, like SOX6, either promote or inhibit tumor growth depending on the cellular context. Here, TXNIP is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.