STAT3 and neoplasm: This oncogenic fusion is known to occur in 1.2% to 8.3% of patients with GBM [3,27], and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways to promote tumor proliferation [26,28,29,30,31].