HIF1A and neoplasm: Interestingly, in cancerous cells, the HIF signaling pathway can also be regulated by other environmental and intracellular signaling factors in an oxygen-independent manner, via modulation of protein stability, gene transcription, or mRNA binding proteins such as YB-1 and HuR (Human antigen R), which are often up-regulated in tumor contexts thereby leading to enhanced translation of HIF-1α mRNA in normoxic and hypoxic conditions [7,8,9].